The oil palm bears a single stem and reaches about 20 metres 66 feet in height. When ripe, the fruits are black with a red base and feature a single oily seed known as the kernel. Targeting for fertilizer and plants maintenance cost reduction, as well as improvement in estate productivity, oil extraction rate and mill eficiency. Elaeis guineensis is a species of palm commonly just called oil palm khmer. Properties of particleboard with oil palm trunk as. A promising source of sugars for bioethanol production article pdf available in biomass and bioenergy 3411. Past, present and future scenarios 4 a brief history of oil palm in africa wherever it grows naturally, oil palm has for centuries provided local communities with a large number of benefits such as palm oil, sauces, soap, wine, fertilizer ashes, roofing leaves, building material trunk, medicines roots. Opt biomass are widely used in the woodbased industry such as pulp and paper and wood plastic. For commercial oil production, the outer fleshy portion of the fruit is steamed to. Analysis of free sugar and starch in oil palm trunks. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia study oil palm. Worldwide 42 countries cultivate oil palm tree on about 27 million acres. A promising source of sugars for bioethanol production. Pdf steam gasification of oil palm trunk waste for clean.
Efficient ethanol production from dried oil palm trunk. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia. This study concentrate on the determination of fiber morphology according to its fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness depended on. Dry coconut palm trunk samples were used to avoid the problem of redistribution of water under the influence of a temperature gradient 20. Palm trunks retained all frond bases in all palms harvested.
It favors rural employment and is a crop that smallholder farmers can grow easily, often lifting people out of poverty in rural regions. For example, malaysia is the worlds largest producer and exporter of the oil palm. Introduction biomass is an important contributor to the world economy. It has the distinct feature of containing a large amount of starch, which, unlike cellulose, can be easily solubilized by water when heated and hydrolyzed to glucose by amylolytic enzymes without pretreatment for breaking down the biomass recalcitrance. Oil palm trunk fiber has shown potential as a functional food ingredient and may help manage and lower the risk of diabetes, colon cancer, heart disease and obesity, according to preliminary research results presented at the experimental biology conference in san diego this week, reports jess halliday. Fiber morphology of oil palm trunk elaeis guineensis. Considering three kinds of sugars accumulation in the trunks, the highest increase was from 31 mg. Palm trunk fuel converter nippon steel engineering. All these can be achieve by feeding it directly into the trunk, thus. Waste and agricultural residues offer significant potential for harvesting chemical energy with simultaneous reduction of environmental pollution, providing carbon neutral or even carbon negative sustained energy production, energy security and. All these can be achieve by feeding it directly into the trunk, thus the nutrition will be absorb 100% into plantss tissue. Oil palm the oil palms elaeis belong to the arecaceae, or palm family.
Among the generated oil palm biomass, opf is by far the highest in quantity, accounting for more than 50% of the total biomass generated in the oil palm industries. Organic acid pretreatment of oil palm trunk biomass for. Thermal conductivities were determined for each of the coconut palm cocos nucifera trunk sample using the steady state method. The ultrasonic characterizations have been performed using a commercial ultrasonic instrument at the frequency of 54 khz. In this study, the effect of different sap extractions on copt and synthesised methyl levulinate respectively was analysed. It can be as another alternative way to reduce cost and also more environmental friendly. Utilization of core oil palm trunk waste to methyl. Chemical characteristics and utilization of oil palm trunks. Properties of laminated panels made from compressed oil. Characteristics of oil palm trunk opt and quality improvement of palm trunk plywood by resin impregnation, biores.
Otherwise they produce secondary, tertiary and quaternary roots that form a dense mat in the immediate neighborhood of the tree. The total yields of 5% naoh, 10% naoh and 20% naoh soluble lignin from oil palm trunk and frond are 4. International journal of mechanical and materials engineering ijmme, vol. Oil palm trunk tissue consists mainly of vascular bundles and parenchyma cells, which are separated easily and discriminately from each other by mechanical crush. Screening of factors for biodelignification of oil palm. Glucose is derived from hexanal, a chain of six carbon atoms terminating with an aldehyde group. May 12, 2017 the generated oil palm biomass includes empty fruit brunch efb, palm kernel shell, oil palm trunk opt, oil palm frond opf, palm oil mill effluent pome, and mesocarp fiber. Growth and production of oil palm ghent university. Pdf oil palm trunk fiber as a biowaste resource for concrete. Oil palm trunk is one of the agricultural wastes which can be used as a raw material for production of glucose through fermentation process. The scientific name of oil palm is elaeis guineensis. The local impacts of oil palm expansion in malaysia an assessment based on a case study in sabah state awang ali bema dayang norwana rejani kunjappan melissa chin.
The bulk of free sugar present in its sap renders copt as a potential starting material in the synthesis of methyl levulinate ml. The production of palm oil has doubled in 10 years since 1995. The potential of oil palm trunk biomass as an alternative. Pdf due to the shortage of solid wood as a raw material of plywood and the abundance of oil palm trunk opt waste in malaysia, opt has become one of. The main objective of this research is to produce glucose from oil palm trunk fibre using biological method. For the manufacture of biodiesel, many natural oil resources can be used, and palm oil and palm kernel oil obtained from the oil palm are seen as promising raw materials. Thus, the objective of this study is to synthesize a new novel flocculant based on hemicellulose. This biomass are conventionally applied in the oil palm plantations as soil mulch and fertilizer. Production of crude palm oil cpo and palm kernel 20 3. Thus biomass can turn into value added material and as alternative raw materials. Malaysia is the largest producer and exporter of palm oil in the world with market share of about 50 and 58 percent, respectively mohd nasir, 2003.
Jun 11, 2015 oil palm trunk opt is a valuable bioresource for the biorefinery industry producing biofuels and biochemicals. Thermallycompressed oil palm wood samples appeared to possess better mechanical properties but thickness swelling was adversely affected. Pdf oil palm trees are replanted at an interval of approximately 25 years because of decreased oil productivity of old trees. The supply chain of the palm oil industry in malaysia 4. Abstract the slow pyrolysis of oil palm trunks was investigated in a labscale pyrolyzer at terminal temperatures from 450 to 800c, and a heating rate of 10c min. The oil is mainly used for food and related industries, and is also used as a raw material for various products such as detergents and cosmetics. In the nature, the seeds have a relative dormancy leading to very long germination process 1 to 3. Global production volume palm oil, 20122020 statista. Feb 18, 2015 abstractin this study, oil palm trunks from various plantations in malaysia were analyzed for their starch content and sugar concentrations in the sap from the trunks as function of storage time as a feedstock for green energy. Production, processing, characterization, and uses serves as a rich source of information on the production, processing, characterization and utilization of palm oil and its components. Oil palm elaeis guineensis used in palm oil production must be replanted at 20 to 25years. Oil palm trunk opt is a promising lignocellulosic biomass for sugar production due to its abundant availability, lowcost and high carbohydrate content. Various types of carbohydraterich plants with several methods have been experimented to produce sugar and bioethanol.
Oil palm is grown primarily in malaysia and indonesia, and is used to produce palm oilthe most heavily utilized vegetable oil in the world. The labscale pyrolysis results showed that as the terminal temperature. In 20, indonesia is estimated to have produced 570 mil. The pdf file you selected should load here if your web browser has a pdf reader plugin installed for example, a recent version of adobe acrobat reader if you would like more information about how to print, save, and work with pdfs, highwire press provides a helpful frequently asked questions about pdfs alternatively, you can download the pdf file directly to your computer, from where it. Organic acids have been suggested as an alternative to sulphuric acid pretreatment due to their lower hazardous properties. Palm oil is an important asset for the producing countries.
Oil palm trunks infected by ganoderma boninense disease have been studied using density and ultrasonic characterizations. Oil palm biomass such oil palm empty fruit bunch, oil palm frond and oil palm trunk opt are considered as the most abundant agrowastes that have the potential to be utilized as raw materials for production of valueadded products. Growth and production of oil palm encyclopedia of life. Effect of steaming on some properties of compressed oil. It has many tiny flowers crowded on short branches that develop into a large cluster of oval fruits some 4 cm 1. The production of palm oil is 39 mt per year in 2007, which is the most produced plant oil in the world. Chemical characteristics of oil palm trunks were investigated to find out the best utilization way. Percentage of thickness swelling of laminated panels made from uncompressed and compressed oil palm trunk at adhesive spread rates of 250 gm 2 and 500 g. Density and ultrasonic characterization of oil palm trunk infected by ganoderma boninense disease.
Trunk injection fertilizer was designed for oil palm. Fatty acid composition of palm oil and fractions palm oil palm ole ne palm stearine 20% fatty acid c14. Abstract due to the shortage of solid wood as a raw material of plywood and the abundance of oil palm trunk opt waste in malaysia, opt has become one of the potential replacements for timber. Consequently, the felled palm trunks represent one of the most important biomass. Oil palm tree generally has an economic life span of about 25 years, and it brings a high amount of opb waste, especially oil palm frond opf and oil palm trunk opt. Determination of thermal properties of cocos nucifera. We do this through a process built around our customdeveloped sap extractor.
Largescale plantations are being established in southeast asian countries such as malaysia and indonesia. Oil palm elaeis guineensis is widely planted for its edible oil in tropical countries such as malaysia and indonesia. Glucose production from oil palm trunk ump institutional. Oil palm is indonesias largest source of agriculture biomass. They are used in commercial agriculture in the production of palm oil. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in. Oil palm trunk fiber shows functional food potential. Availability, use, and removal of oil palm biomass in indonesia the. Recommendations on good agricultural practices for oil palm are aimed to provide growers to practice every step of production processes starting from cultivation to transportation of oil palm bunches to collection center ramp or mill and to ensure good quality and safe oil palm bunches produce suitable for production of palm oil. Currently, supplies of wood are becoming limited, and the oil palm tree has become one of the largest plantation species in malaysia. An assessment of oil palm plantation aboveground biomass stocks. This research aimed at investigating the effect of epoxy resin and flame retardant additives on oil palm trunk particleboard. The results indicate that old oil palm trunk becomes a promising source. The oil palm trunk was first pyrolyzed in a thermogravimetric analyzer to study the thermal characteristics, and to determine the kinetic parameters.
It also includes several topics related to oil palm genomics, tissue culture and genetic engineering of oil palm. In immature palms, fronds make up a larger proportion of overall biomass. In biological method, the conversion of cellulose to. Flame retardant properties of oil palm trunk particleboard with. The trunks of old oil palm trees are systematically felled approximately 25 years after planting, resulting in over 30 million tons of waste wood annually. It is native to west and southwest africa, specifically the area between angola and the gambia. Chemical constituents of the different anatomical parts of. Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil. Most roots are found in the top 15cm of the soil, with a main. Usually, sugar and bioethanol are yielded by fermentation process synthesized from cellulosic and hemicellulosic biomass.
Oil palm trunk could be an appropriate choice for an alternative source for compressed wood. Agrochemicals, estate, fresh fruit bunch, industrial plantations, land clearing, land management, oil palm, palm kernels, palm oil, pests. Sep 14, 2017 core oil palm trunk copt is a lignocellulosic waste that poses as an alternative carbon source in biochemical and biofuel production. Density and ultrasonic characterization of oil palm trunk. Glycoside hydrolases of the samples were also measured during storage. Screening of factors for biodelignification of oil palm trunk using pleurotus ostreatus.